Wines from the Alsace Region

The Alsace wine region, located in the northeast of France along the border with Germany, is a picturesque and renowned wine destination known for its exceptional white wines. This region is defined by its unique geography, diverse soils, and rich winemaking history.

More About Alsace

The Alsace region is sheltered from rain-bearing western winds by the Vosges Mountains, creating a rain shadow effect that results in a relatively dry climate—ideal for viticulture. The area's varied soils, including granite, limestone, and volcanic rock, contribute to the distinctive character of Alsace wines. While Alsace produces excellent Pinot Noir (locally known as "Pinot Noir d'Alsace"), the true stars are the white grape varieties. Commonly grown grapes include Riesling, Gewürztraminer, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, and Muscat. Riesling, in particular, is highly regarded for its mineral-driven, aromatic, and age-worthy expressions. Alsace is home to several appellations, known as "AOCs" (Appellations d'Origine Contrôlée). The most notable are Alsace AOC, Alsace Grand Cru AOC, and Crémant d'Alsace AOC. The Alsace Grand Cru AOC denotes specific vineyards believed to produce the finest wines, while Crémant d'Alsace refers to sparkling wines made using the traditional method.

Alsace is known for its varietal wines, which are labeled with the name of the grape variety used. The region produces a broad range of styles, from dry to off-dry and sweet. Late harvest and noble rot-affected wines, such as Vendange Tardive and Sélection de Grains Nobles, are also crafted and highly sought after. Alsace wines are traditionally bottled in tall, slender bottles with long necks. The labels are distinctively designed, prominently displaying the grape variety and vineyard name. The region's white wines are versatile and pair well with a variety of dishes. Alsace Riesling complements seafood and subtly spiced cuisine, while the aromatic Gewürztraminer pairs beautifully with Asian dishes. Pinot Gris and Pinot Blanc are often enjoyed with poultry, pork, and creamy preparations.

The Alsace Wine Route (Route des Vins d'Alsace) is a popular tourist destination that winds through charming villages and picturesque vineyards. Visitors can explore wineries, taste wines, and enjoy the region's rich culinary heritage, including specialties like tarte flambée and choucroute garnie. The Alsace region has a long winemaking history, influenced by both French and German traditions due to its shifting national boundaries.

In summary, the outstanding white wines, unique terroir, and breathtaking landscapes of the Alsace wine region make it a captivating destination for wine lovers and tourists alike. Combining natural beauty with a rich wine heritage, Alsace remains one of France's most celebrated wine regions.

Which Grapes Are Used in Alsace?

The Alsace wine region in northeastern France is best known for its white grape varieties. Here are some of the key grapes grown in Alsace:

Riesling: Arguably the most well-known grape of Alsace, Riesling is celebrated for its ability to express the region's terroir and produce wines ranging from dry and mineral-driven to sweet and aromatic.

- Gewürztraminer: Known for its intensely aromatic and slightly spicy wines, Gewürztraminer is a signature grape of Alsace, offering flavors of lychee, rose, and exotic spices.

- Pinot Blanc: A versatile grape used for both still and sparkling wines, Pinot Blanc often produces wines with a fresh, crisp character.

- Pinot Gris: Also known in Alsace as Tokay Pinot Gris, this variety produces rich, full-bodied wines that can range from off-dry to sweet, with flavors of ripe stone fruit and honey.

- Muscat: Muscat grapes, including both Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains and Muscat Ottonel, are used to create aromatic, floral, and sometimes lightly sweet wines.

- Sylvaner: A lesser-known variety still cultivated in Alsace, Sylvaner produces light, easy-drinking wines.

- Pinot Noir: Though Alsace is famous for its whites, Pinot Noir is also grown for the production of red and some rosé wines.

These grape varieties together contribute to the diversity of wines produced in Alsace, with a focus on aromatic and white wine styles. The region's terroir—marked by its unique soils and microclimates—plays a crucial role in shaping the character of these wines.

What About Alsace's Subregions?

Alsace is divided into several subregions, each with its own distinct characteristics and terroir. These subregions add to the diversity and complexity of the wines produced in Alsace. Here are some of the main subregions:

Bas-Rhin

Located in the northern part of Alsace near Strasbourg, this area is known for its cooler climate and varied soils, including granite, limestone, and marl. Wines from Bas-Rhin often have bright acidity and pronounced minerality.

Haut-Rhin

Situated in the southern part of Alsace, Haut-Rhin is known for its warmer climate and diverse terroirs. The vineyards benefit from more sunlight, leading to riper grapes. This subregion is home to many Grand Cru vineyards that produce some of Alsace's most prestigious wines.

Central Haut-Rhin

This area includes some of Alsace's most famous wine villages, such as Riquewihr, Ribeauvillé, and Kaysersberg. The vineyards have various soils and microclimates, enabling a wide range of wine styles.

Southern Haut-Rhin

This southern section is known for its complex geology, with soils ranging from granite and limestone to volcanic rock. Wines from this area often show depth and complexity.

Marlenheim

Located near Strasbourg, this subregion is known for its limestone-rich soils, particularly suited for producing high-quality Riesling wines.

Obernai

Home to some of Alsace's most famous wineries and vineyards, Obernai features marl and limestone soils that contribute to the diversity of wines produced here.

Rosheim

This area has vineyards on the lower slopes of the Vosges Mountains. The varied soils, including granite and marl, produce wines with distinct mineral qualities.

Schweighouse-Thann

Located in the southern part of Alsace, this subregion is marked by steep vineyards and unique soil compositions. Wines from here often exhibit richness and depth.

Sélestat

Known for its granite-like soils, Sélestat is particularly suited for growing Pinot Gris and Gewürztraminer.

Each of these subregions contributes to the mosaic of Alsace's terroir, offering a wide spectrum of soil types, microclimates, and grape varieties. This diversity allows winemakers in Alsace to produce a broad array of wine styles, from bone-dry Rieslings to lush Gewürztraminers and everything in between. The wealth of subregions highlights Alsace's reputation as a top-tier wine-producing region.

A Brief History of the Alsace Region

The history of Alsace is long and complex, shaped by a mix of cultures, conflicts, and shifting allegiances. Here's a brief overview:

Ancient Times: The area now known as Alsace has a history dating back to antiquity. It was inhabited by Celtic tribes and later by the Roman Empire, which introduced viticulture to the region. The Romans recognized the fertile soils and favorable climate for grape growing.

Medieval Period: During the early Middle Ages, Alsace became part of the Holy Roman Empire. It was a region with a mix of Germanic and Alsatian culture, and winemaking continued. Alsace wines were highly regarded even in these early times.

Conflict and Change: Over the centuries, Alsace experienced numerous territorial disputes between France and Germany, being located on the border of the two powers. The region changed hands several times, and this turbulent history greatly influenced its culture and identity.

Thirty Years' War: The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) had a devastating impact on Alsace, which was caught in the crossfire of this European conflict. Many villages and vineyards were destroyed, and the population suffered greatly.

French Annexation: By the late 17th century, Alsace came under French rule, remaining part of France for much of the following two centuries. During this period, French influence on the region's culture, language, and wine production became more pronounced.

German Influence: In the late 19th century, following the Franco-Prussian War, Alsace was annexed by the German Empire. German culture, including language and winemaking techniques, became more dominant.

World Wars: The 20th century brought two devastating world wars to Alsace. The region was heavily affected, with significant destruction and disruption to wine production.

Post-World War II: After WWII, Alsace was returned to France. French influence reemerged, and the wine industry experienced a revival. Alsatian winemakers began producing wines with a distinctly French style, emphasizing varietal labeling and drier wine profiles.

Modern Era: Today, Alsace is known for its unique blend of French and German influences. It has a strong winemaking tradition with a focus on varietal wines. Alsace wines are highly regarded for their quality and diversity, particularly in white varieties like Riesling, Gewürztraminer, and Pinot Gris.